Industrial Chemistry and Water Treatment

Ultrapure Water Production

Ultra-pure water contains by definition only H20 (H+ and OH-) ions in equilibrium. Ultrapure water conductivity is about 0,054 us/cm at 25oC, also expressed as resistivity of 18, 3 MOhm. Ultrapure water production often must be done in 2 steps. For example, from valve water or fresh groundwater, the water should first be demineralized by membrane filtration or ion natural process to achieve the subsequent conductivity of 10 us/cm. The demineralized water is then processed through a high performance Mixed Bed or by Electrodionisation. Ultra-pure water is principally utilized in the semiconductor and pharmaceutical industry. Because of the continuing miniaturisation in the semiconductor industry, the specifications become stricter annually. Ultrapure water is too utilized in the production of flat panel displays and photovoltaic panels and pharmaceutical industry. It’s critical for injection and for cleaning process equipment. The power industry is up to now user, employing ultrapure water to produce feed water for steam boilers. The pressure membrane technologies of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, Nano filtration and reverse osmosis are the all most all versatile and, hence, most extensively used while the lynchpin of most ultrapure water production systems. In particular, membrane technologies possess certain properties that make them unique when collate to other water treatment technologies. These include:

• Continuous process, resulting in automatic and uninterrupted operation
• Low energy utilization involving neither phase nor temperature changes
• Modular design-no significant size limitations
•  Minimal moving parts with low maintenance requirements