Industrial Chemistry and Water Treatment

Industrial Water Supply

Water is widely utilized in industry, whether it’s encountered as raw water, process water or waste water. As GDP increases, so will industrial water consumption. The industrial sector is that the second highest user of water after agriculture. India’s annual water withdrawals were about 500 billion metric capacity units and also the Indian industry consumed about 10 billion cubic meter of water as process water and 30 billion cubic meters as cooling water. Composition of natural waters changes because the processes of oxidation and reduction, blending of waters with different compositions, temperature alterations, precipitation, bacterial self-purification, and other natural factors. Three main approaches may be indicated in development of water supply systems:

• Through flow
• Circulating (closed type water supply)
• Mixed

The first approach is characterized by great expenditure of fresh water and waste water is fully directed to the hydro graphic system. This approach was typical of all manufacturing industry during the primary 1/2 of the 20^th century and resulted in exhaustion of a number of water sources. The system of industrial water supply includes:

1. Preparation of source water to be used in technological processes;
2. Collection and treatment of industrial waste water with the aim of purification and further utilization in water circulation systems or their disposal in the open hydro graphic network;
3. Industrial and drinking water supply.