Industrial Chemistry and Water Treatment

Petro-Chemistry

Petro chemistry is a part of chemistry that studies the transformation of petroleum and gas into useful products and raw materials for chemical products. Main ingredients of these fossil material sources are especially aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, which are processed in petrochemical plants.  Over a lot of  years, natural changes in organic materials have produced petroleum which has accumulated under the earth’s surface. Petroleum rich areas are generally found in regions that support retention, such as porous sandstones. Crude oils Average composition rates are 84% carbon, 14% hydrogen, 1%-3% sulphur, &less than1% each of nitrogen, oxygen, metals and salts. Depending on the sulphur content crude oils are either categorized as sweet or sour. A process called fractional distillation separates crude oil into various segments. Fractions at the top have lower boiling points than fractions at the bottom. The bottom fractions are heavy & are thus "cracked" into lighter and more useful products. There are problems relating to the increasing scarcity of workable hydrocarbon deposits.