Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Fumio Sanda
Kansai University
Japan
Keynote: Precise synthesis of substituted polyacetylenes
Biography:
Fumio Sanda is a professor in Kansai University. His research studies includes Polymer Synthesis, Transition Metal Catalyzed Polymerization, Conjugated Polymers, Optically Active Polymers. He has received Nakamura award in the year 1997 and Award of Japan Thermosetting Plastics in 2014 and many more
Abstract:
Substituted polyacetylenes have received considerable attention, owing to their properties resulting from the π-conjugated backbone such as photoconductivity and electroluminescence. The introduction of functional groups at the side chains provides polyacetylenes with useful structural features including liquid crystallinity, molecular recognition, stimuli responsiveness and gas permeability. Substituted polyacetylenes are synthesized by the polymerization of the corresponding acetylene monomers using transition-metal catalysts. Rh catalysts bearing a triphenylvinyl group polymerize substituted acetylene monomers in a living fashion to give polymers with controlled molecular weights, geometry and end structures. Pd catalysts bearing bulky phosphine ligands polymerize disubstituted acetylene monomers via the coordination-insertion mechanism. Substituted polyacetylenes bearing chiral substituents adopt helical conformations, whose predominant screw sense transforms between right and left -handed in CHCl3/MeOH with respect to the solvent composition. The polymers prefer conformations with large dipole moments in polar media, confirmed by the semi empirical molecular orbital calculations, COSMO method.
Keynote Forum
Hyoyoung Lee
Sungkyunkwan University
South Korea
Keynote: Crystalline/amorphous low energy bandgap TiO2 materials prepared in solution and their industrial applications
Biography:
Hyoyoung Lee has received his PhD degree at Department of Chemistry, University of Mississippi (USA) in 1997. He did his Post-doctorate at North Carolina State University, USA, for 2 years. He has worked at Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute from 2000 to 2009 as a Team Leader. He moved to Sungkyunkwan University and has served as a Full Professor at Departmet of Chemistry, lecturing Organic Chemistry. He has served as a Director of National Creative Research Initiatives (NCRI), Center of Smart Molecular Memory from 2006 to 2015. Currently, he has serving as an Associate Director of Centre for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute of Basic Science (IBS) from November 2015. His current research area is on organic semiconducting materials including low bandgap TiO2 and devices including molecular/organic memory, OLED, OTFT, sensors, Energy harvesting and storage, graphene oxide, reduced grapheme oxide and 2D transition metal chalcogenide (TMC). He has written more than 120 journal articles with top-tier journals.
Abstract:
Recently, surface-disordered TiO2, referred to as black TiO2, which can absorb both visible and near-infrared solar light that has triggered an explosion of interest in many important applications. Here, we demonstrate a selective reduction of commercialized degussa P-25 TiO2 nanoparticles using simple room-temperature solution processing, which maintains the unique three-phase interfaces composed of ordered white-anatase and disordered black-rutile with open structures for easy electrolyte access. The strong reducing agent in superbase, which consists of lithium ion ethylenediamine (Li-EDA), can disorder only the white-rutile phase of P-25. Single P-25 TiO2 nanoparticles with this engineered surface made immediate contact with the electrolyte. This contact is called white-black-electrolyte three-phase interfaces and can not only efficiently internally separate electrons/holes through type-II bandgap alignment but also induce a strong hydrogen (H2) evolution surface reaction. The white-black-electrolyte three-phase interfaces exhibited outstanding H2 production rates of 13.89 mmol/h/g using 0.5 wt.% Pt (co-catalyst) and 3.46 mmol/h/g without using any co-catalyst. These values are the highest recorded in the world to date. In addition, our newly developed crystalline/amorphous reduced TiO2 (rTiO2) that has low energy bandgap can effectively generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under solar light and successfully remove a bloom of algae. Only reduced TiO2 materials can generate ROS under solar light, which was confirmed by electron spin resonance. Among the three different types of Li-EDA treated TiO2 (anatase, rutile and both phased TiO2), the both phased rTiO2 showed the best performance to produce ROS. The generated ROS effectively removed the common green algae Chlamydomonas. This is the first report on algae degradation under solar light, proving the feasibility of commercially available products for disinfection. Finally, we like to introduce transition metal chalcogenide materials for the hydrogen evolution reaction and energy storage with grapheme flakes.
Keynote Forum
Toshiki Aoki
Niigata University
Japan
Keynote: Unusual phenomena in helix-sense-selective polymerization and its product
Time : 00-00
Biography:
Toshiki Aoki has received his Doctorate degree (1987) on synthesis and oxygen permeability of graft copolymers from oligosiloxane macromonomers in Department of Applied Chemistry at Nagoya University, Japan. He has joined Fluorine Chemistry Division at Government Industrial Research Institute, Nagoya in 1987-1989. He has then moved to Department of Applied Chemistry at Niigata University in 1989. He has worked at Niigata University as an Assistant Professor (1989), Associate Professor (1995) and Full Professor (2000). He has worked as a Visiting Scientist at University of Southern California from 1998-1999. His research interest covers synthesis of functional polymers, including synthesis of new chiral polymers for permselective membranes. His recent interest is in synthesis and application of two-dimensional polymers using HSSP and SCAT reactions.
Abstract:
In 1993, we accidentally discovered the fi rst example of an asymmetric-induced polymerization (AIP) of chiral substituted acetylene, during our study on optical resolution membranes. Since poly substituted acetylenes have no asymmetric carbons, the optical activity is caused by the one-handed helical conformation. Th erefore, the optical activity is oft en not static but dynamic. In 2003, we reported the fi rst helix-sense-selective polymerization (HSSP) of an achiral substituted acetylene by using a chiral catalytic system consisting of chiral phenyl ethylamine (PEA) and a rhodium dimer complex ([Rh (nbd) Cl]2, nbd=2,5-norbornadiene). Th e achiral monomer had two hydroxymethyl groups and a relatively hydrophobic substituent and the one-handed helicity of the resulting polymer was statically maintained by intramolecular hydrogen bonds in nonpolar solvents. Aft er the discovery, we found some new monomers suitable for the HSSP reaction and have tried to control the polymerization. During these studies, some unusual phenomena were also found to occur in the HSSP process. We found that the HSSP of achiral phenylacetylenes having two hydroxy groups was catalyzed by the chiral polymers prepared by the HSSP of the same or similar achiral phenylacetylenes instead of using the chiral cocatalyst like PEA (Self-HSSP). In addition, it shows the possibility of in-situ self-catalyzed HSSP where the HSSP products formed during the HSSP functioned in-situ as a chiral cocatalyst for the HSSP of the same monomer (In-situ self-HSSP). In addition to the discovery of self-HSSP, other several unusual phenomena were observed in the HSSP of RDHPA. For example, the sense of the helicity of the polymers prepared by HSSP was controlled by changing non-chiral conditions such as the molar ratio of the chiral cocatalyst to the rhodium complex (Reversal HSSP). Th at may be caused by formation of diff erent chiral rhodium species depending on the ratio. In addition, HSSP was also realized without any chiral source (Spontaneous HSSP). It may result from the formation of a chiral supramolecular compound of the monomer. Since the polymer resulting from HSSP adopts very tight cis-cisoidal conformation and therefore a rigid rod structure, which is not seen in any other poly (substituted acetylenes), it shows many unusual and interesting properties, including unique types of reactivity. For example, in 2013, we reported highly selective photo aromatization (SCAT) of the very tight cis-cisoidal polymer prepared by HSSP.
Keynote Forum
Dhanesh Chandra
University of Nevada
USA
Keynote: Hydrogen technology for automobiles in the 21st century towards more secure and cleaner environment
Biography:
Dhanesh Chandra is a Foundation Professor of Materials Science and Engineering in the College of Engineering at the University of Nevada Reno, USA. He has over 100 scientifi c publications and is a Member of Hydrogen IEA-Task 32. He wrote a book chapter: Intermetallics for Hydrogen Storage edited by G Walker, Woodhead Publishing (2008).
Abstract:
Hydrogen is expected to play an important role in future energy scenarios, as it could resolve growing concerns aboutworld’s energy supply, security, air pollution, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Hydrogen production from renewable resources can potentially reduce the CO2 emissions. Hydrogen is a non-toxic, clean energy carrier that has high specifi c energy on a mass basis (e.g., the energy content of 9.5 kg of hydrogen is equivalent to that of 25 kg of gasoline). Worldwide H2 production is ~ 500 billion.m3 annually with ~6.5 EJ (1EJ=109 GJ) of energy. The exhaust from the H2 vehicles is water. Early developments (from 1960) were focused on H2-IC engine vehicles. In 2001, BMW introduced H2-IC engine vehicles. Significant advancements in fuel cell technologies and initiatives off ered by the US DOE, world-wide governmental agencies, and industries led to the development of prototypes H2-fuel cell electric automobiles. In the last 10-15 years many auto manufacturers, including Toyota, Honda, Hyundai, Ford, General Motors, Daimler Chrysler and others have developed fuel cell vehicles, some are already becoming commercial. Many countries are installing hydrogen fueling stations but they are relatively few clustered around big, highly populated cities. Low pressure, solid state metal hydrides, such as LaNi4.8Sn0.2, have already been developed for space applications, but they are very heavy and have low gravimetric hydrogen density of ~2 wt% for vehicular applications. Light weight and low pressure (LP) complex hydrides, such as Mg(BH4)2, Li2NH-LiNH2 and other light weight systems with ~10 to 18 wt.% H capacity are still in developmental stages. Non withstanding the LP solid state systems, Toyota and other manufacturers started using high pressure (~700 bar) H2, carbon fiber composite, cylinders which appear to be functional in the latest vehicles under normal operations. The H2 based vehicular technological developments, and challenges associated with this technology will be presented.
- Agro-based Industries and Industrial Processes | Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals | Food, Beverage & Tobacco | Industrial Water Supply | Geochemistry | Mining & Metallurgy | Oil & Gas | Power Generation | Paper & Pulp | Desalination | Membrane Technology-Nano Filtration and Reverse Osmosis | Hazardous Waste Management | Petro-Chemistry | Lead Drug Discovery | Petroleum and Polymer Processing | White Biotechnology and Green Chemistry | Material Science and Chemical Metallurgy | Industrial Photo Chemistry
Location: HAMPTON EVENT CENTER B
Chair
Lidietta Giorno
National Research Council, Italy
Co-Chair
Hyoyoung Lee & Toshiki Aoki
Sungkyunkwan University Republic of Korea & Niigata University Japan
Session Introduction
Jianjia Yu
New Mexico Tech,
USA
Title: Filed demonstration of a portable TS-af-HFM nanofi ltration process for the cost-effective treatment of oilfi eld produced water
Biography:
Jianjia Yu is a Research Scientist at Petroleum Recovery Research Center of the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (NMIMT). His research interests include CO2 foam EOR, CO2 capture and produced water remediation. He has authored/or coauthored more than 35 technical papers and holds 1 US patent. He holds a PhD degree in Petroleum Engineering from NMIMT.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Flowback and/or produced water (P/F water) is the largest byproduct stream associated with oil and gas production. The P/F water contains elevated concentrations of dissolved salt (20,000 to 300,000 ppm), suspended solids, soluble organics and low concentration of BTEX. Management of F/P water is a particular concern due to the wide range of constituents which are of concern to both unconventional shale gas developers and the environment. The overall objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the performance and cost-effectiveness of a portable Two-Stage, Antifouling Hollow Fiber Membrane (TS-af-HFM) nanofiltration process to convert produced water into a clean water product for a reused fluid or direct discharge.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Large amounts of super hydrophobic PVDF/Si-R hollow fiber membranes and super hydrophilic PES/SiO2 hollow fiber membranes were fabricated to assemble the pilot-scale hollow fiber membrane modules for the installation of the TS-af-HFM nanofiltration system. The nanofiltration system was installed and tested in a production facility located at Carlsbad, New Mexico.
Conclusion & Significance: It was found that the permeate water flux and water recovery was proportional to the feed rate. The optimal feed rate for a single hollow fiber membrane module was in the range between 10.96-12.95 bbl/day, with the water recovery around 60%. The performance of the nanofiltration system was not influenced by the temperature. The TS-af-HFM system exhibited good antifouling ability during a continuous filtration process. A comprehensive cost analysis reveals that the TS-af-HFM system can help generate $61,468 of capitals compared to without the system.
Alka A Mungray
Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat,
India
Title: Application of ultrasound to control and enhance performance of dynamic membrane in anaerobic bioreactor
Biography:
Alka A Mungray is an Assistant Professor in Chemical Engineering Department, SVNIT, Surat. Her research area is membrane separation process, wastewater treatment, microbial fuel cell (MFC), polymer nanocopmposite, polymer degradation, forward osmosis and osmotic microbial fuel cell (OMFC). She has published/ presented 40 papers in international journals and conferences.
Abstract:
The concept of Dynamic Membrane (DM) where the fouling layer itself is used as the retaining medium could be used as the possible solution for countering the problems encountered in membrane bioreactor processes. Anaerobic DM gives high filtration resistance even at moderate flux within a short period of time. In this study, a novel concept of using ultrasound to control and enhance dynamic membrane performance was studied. Two reactors with an ultrasound probe in the center of one reactor were run simultaneously. The concept of steady Flux Decay Ratio (FDR) and analytical methods like extracted Extra Polymeric Substance (EPS), soluble microbial product analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Particle Size Distribution (PSD), Dehydrogenate Activity (DHA), Specific Methanogenic Activity (SMA) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) analysis were used in this study. Lower filtration resistance (20×10-10 m-1), increased flux (10-12 L/m2h), lesser blocking degree of 62% FDR, more stickier and compact dynamic membrane layers, enhanced microbiological activity and COD removal (95%) were observed. All results indicated that the dynamic membrane formed with ultrasound application was less severely blocked more compact, microbiologically active and efficient compare to without ultrasound.
B V Samlafo
University of Education,
Ghana
Title: Quality assessment of groundwater from Avenorfeme, Akatsi district, Ghana
Biography:
Abstract:
A holistic assessment of the quality of groundwater from the shallow unconfined aquifers of the Avenorfeme and surrounding villages in the Akatsi South District in the Volta Region of Ghana has been conducted. A groundwater classification scheme has been developed for groundwater in the area using a robust water quality index (WQI) modified for the case of the study area. For calculating the WQI, pH, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, total dissolved solids, and fluorides have been considered. On the basis of the WQI so computed, groundwater fell within the excellent, good, poor and unsuitable for drinking categories. This study finds that the salinity of groundwater in the area is largely attributed to mineral weathering leading to evolution of predominantly intermediate to high salinity NaCl water types. On account of salinity hazard, most of the waters are not suitable for irrigation in the area. Based on total hardness, the groundwater in the area is permanently hard.
Suhaib S Salih
University of Missouri,
USA
Title: Preparation and characterization of chitosan coated diatomaceous earth for hexavalent chromium removal
Biography:
Suhaib S Salih is currently pursuing PhD and is a Research Assistant at the University of Missouri-Columbia majoring in Chemical Engineering. His PhD work is on industrial wastewater treatment under the supervision of Dr. Tushar K Ghosh. He has received his BE and MSc degrees in Chemical Engineering from the University of Tikrit, Iraq. He later joined the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia as a PhD Scholar. His current research interest is in Adsorption Processes. He has expertise in lab management, operation of atomic absorption spectrophotometer, infrared spectrophotometer, ultra violet spectrophotometer and HPLC spectrophotometer.
Abstract:
Hexavalent chromium is not biodegradable in nature and has a great effect on ecosystem and human health. Batch and continuous fixed-bed column studies for Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions were carried out by using chitosan coated diatomaceous earth as an adsorbent. The adsorbents were characterized by FTIR, TGA, BET, XPS, SEM, EDS and zeta potential (located at University of Missouri-Columbia, Missouri). The effects of pH-solution, initial ion concentration, temperature, flow rate and the contact time were examined. Results revealed that Cr (VI) adsorption was found fitting well with Langmuir model indicating monolayer adsorption. The adsorption of Cr (VI) onto adsorbent behaves as a pseudo-secondorder models rather than the pseudo-first order model and found to have fast kinetics in the first 60 min and then the rate slowed down as equilibrium was approached. The increase of temperature has a negative effect on chromium adsorption which decreases the Cr (VI) removal from 1.62 to 1.44 mmole/L when it rise from 283 to 313 K. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔGo, ΔHo, ΔSo and ΔHx indicated the suitability of adsorbent towards the removal of Cr (VI). The maximum chromium uptake in batch adsorption was 1.62 mmole/g or 84.23 mg Cr/g at pH 3, initial ion concentration 1000 ppm, and temperature 283 K. However, a forward breakthrough point is decreasing exhaustion time with increasing the flow rate of solution in dynamic process. Recovery of the Cr (VI) ions was made by passing 0.2 M NaOH solution through the exhausted columns and about 91.2% of chromium was de-adsorbed from the bed column. Results indicate that the sustainable, abundant, low-cost adsorbent, chitosan coated diatomaceous earth, can be considered as economically applicable for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions.
Jingchun Min
1Tsinghua University,
China
Title: A numerical study on longitudinal vortex induced enhancement of mass transfer in a membrane channel
Biography:
Jingchun Min is an Associate Professor of Engineering Thermophysics at the Department of Engineering Mechanics in the Tsinghua University, China. He has received his Bachelor’s degree from the Dalian University of Technology, China, Master’s and PhD degrees from the Hiroshima University, Japan. He currently serves as an Editor for Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer and an Editorial Board Member for Energy and Power Engineering. His current research interests include membrane transport, transport phenomena in porous media, aircraft icing, aero-engine cooling, enhanced heat and heat exchanger technology.
Abstract:
Concentration polarization phenomenon often occurs in membrane separation, it acts to deteriorate the transmembrane mass transfer, so measures should be taken to suppress it. The present work simulates the flow and mass transfer in narrow membrane channels with and without flow disturbers. The channel is composed of an impermeable solid wall and a membrane. The flow disturbers include the rectangular and delta winglets, which are generally used as longitudinal vortex generators to enhance heat transfer in heat exchanger applications, and the square and triangular prisms and circular cylinder, which are employed here to simulate the traditional spacer fi laments for comparison purpose. Calculations were made to investigate and compare the effects of various flow disturbers, which are attached to the solid wall surface to enhance the mass transfer near the membrane surface to reduce the concentration polarization. The disturber performance was evaluated in terms of concentration polarization factor versus consumed pumping power and pressure drop, with a larger factor meaning a more serious concentration polarization. Calculations were done for NaCl solution flow in membrane channels having a 2.0 mm height for Reynolds numbers of 400-1000. The results show that the concentration polarization occurs mainly in a very narrow range near the membrane surface and the degree of concentration polarization increases along the fluid flow direction but decreases with Reynolds number. The traditional prism- and cylinder-type disturbers can considerably reduce the concentration polarization factor, but they simultaneously cause substantially increased pressure drop and pumping power, while the novel winglet-type disturbers can effectively enhance the mass transfer with much less pressure drop penalty. Overall performance comparison of the abovementioned various disturbers suggests that under equal pressure drop and equal pump power conditions, the delta winglets yield the best mass transfer enhancement effect while the tri-prism gives the worst mass transfer enhancement effect.
Soumaya Mezghich
University of Carthage,
Tunisia
Title: Decontamination of polluted water by veterinary antibiotics by studying the photochemical behavior under light excitation
Biography:
Abstract:
Nowadays, the emergence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic and terrestrial environment has been a major concern. They have been detected in sewage-treatment plants, sediments, and soils, as well as, at surface and drinking water. So far, there is limited information in the literature on the fate of these compounds when they are exposed to solar light in the various environmental compartments. The objective of the present study is to investigate the degradation process of two different antibiotics Sulfamethoxazole (STZ), Hydrochlorothiazide (HCD) in aqueous solutions when exposed to simulated solar light. We mainly concentrate our effort on the kinetic studies by evaluating the degradation quantum yield, as well as, the effect of various parameters such as oxygen concentration, pH and the presence of inorganic ions. The main effect was observed by molecular oxygen parameter. We also make an important effort in the elucidation of the main intermediate and stable byproducts. A lot of information is available on the stability and fate of parent compounds and not so many on their transformation products. These may present a toxicity level higher than the precursor substrate and should be identified and analyzed. The structure elucidation was obtained by using the HPLC/ESI/MS and HPLC/ESI/MS2 techniques in negative, as well as, positive modes and through the complete study of the various fragmentation pathways. The main involved photochemical processes were: The scission of the bridge through a photohydrolysis process, selective hydroxylation of the aromatic moiety, desulfonation process and in the case of HCD to dechloration reaction. A mechanism was then proposed in the light of the kinetic and analytical studies.
Jian Yu
University of Hawaii at Manoa,
USA
Title: A green polyester and products from carbon dioxide, water and solar power
Biography:
Jian Yu has obtained his PhD degree from University of British Columbia in 1991, MSc from Zhejiang University in 1985 and Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) from Zhejiang Institute of Technology in 1982. He was an Assistant Professor at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (1994-2001) and is currently a Research Professor at University of Hawaii at Manoa (2001-present). His research interest is in the area of bioprocess and bioreactor engineering and production of green plastics, chemicals and fuels from renewable resources. He has published more than 70 research papers in peer-reviewed journal as the first and/ or corresponding author, in addition to numerous book chapters and conference papers and presentations. He has three patents that have been licensed to companies and one technology has been successfully scaled up to pilot plant and commercial production.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a prime green-house gas emission from industrial processes. It can be converted into bio-oil and bio-diesel through conventional photosynthesis of microalgae. The CO2 fixation rate, however, is quite low and affected by the intermittent solar irradiation.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: An artificial photosynthetic bioprocess is developed to produce green polyester from CO2, water and solar power. In this green process, solar energy is captured using photovoltaic modules and converted into hydrogen as a stable energy source via water electrolysis. The solar hydrogen and oxygen is used to fi x CO2 by a hydrogenoxidizing bacterium.
Findings: Under the autotrophic growth conditions, CO2 was reduced to biomass at 0.8 g L-1 hr-1, about 10 times faster than that of the typical bio-oil-producing microalgae (Neochloris Oleoabundans) under indoor conditions. A large portion of the reduced carbon is stored in polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), accounting for 50-60% of dry cell mass. PHB is a biodegradable thermoplastic that can find various environmentally friendly applications. The green polyester can also be converted into small chemicals (C3-C4) with different functional groups. Specifically, PHB is degraded and deoxygenated on a solid phosphoric acid catalyst, generating a hydrocarbon oil (C6-C18) from which a gasoline-grade fuel (77 wt% oil) and a biodiesel-grade fuel (23 wt% oil) are obtained via distillation. Aromatics and alkenes are the major compounds, depending on the reaction conditions. Their reaction mechanisms from crotonic acid, a major PHB degradation intermediate, are revealed and presented.
Conclusion & Significance: Biodegradable plastics and high-grade liquid fuels can be directly produced from carbon dioxide, water and solar power. The productivity of the green polyester (5.3 g L-1 d-1) is much higher than that of microalgal oil (0.13 g L-1 d-1). Other technical merits of the new green process may include continuous operation under intermittent solar irradiation and convenient scale up in outdoor.
Mingtan Hai
University of Science and Technology Beijing,
China
Title: Porous silicon nanoparticles and magnetite-chitosan-reduced graphene oxide for simultaneous removal of heavy metals and anionic surfactant
Biography:
Mingtan Hai has her expertise in cancer research, material science and water treatment. Her group and weitz group cooperates on cancer research, material science, microfluidics and environmental science.
Abstract:
The simultaneous removal of different types of pollutants is extremely challenging for environmental and material science. Water dispersible magnetite-chitosan reduced graphene oxide (MCRGO) submicron particles were synthesized and combined with positively charged porous silicon nanoparticles (PSi NPs) mainly through electrostatic interactions for the simultaneous removal of toxic heavy metals and anionic detergent pollutants, organic dye and pesticide as well. PSi NPs offer great potential for the simultaneous removal of inorganic and organic compounds due to their ability for adsorbing hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds, and other negative charged materials, on their internal and external surface. The MCRGO hybrids showed high binding capacity for positive charged heavy metal ions and were easily separated by an external magnetic field. Here, we report the combination of MCRGO and PSi NPs as an efficient biocompatible platform for complete elimination of toxic heavy metals cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+) as well as the anionic C12H25SO4 - from sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) water solutions, and dye oil red O and pesticide by adsorption. Overall, the combination of MCRGO and Psi NPs holds great potential for complex waste water treatment beyond multiple heavy metals, detergent and pesticide based pollutants.
Adango Miadonye
Cape Breton University,
Canada
Title: Microwave applications in petroleum processing
Biography:
Adango Miadonye has his expertise in rheology and transport property of reservoir fluids, heavy oil and bitumen, microwave energy for enhanced oil recovery, upgrading and refining processes.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Microwave energy is successfully being used in the petroleum industry (inspecting coiled tubing/ line pipe, measuring multiphase flow, and the mobilization of asphaltic crude oil). Depletion of conventional crude reserves is accompanied by growing economic demand for various fuel types. In Canada, efforts have intensified to develop microwave irradiation technology for in situ enhanced oil recovery of large deposits of heavy oil/bitumen. Of the estimated 30 billion barrels of heavy oil in place, about 26 billion barrels are considered unrecoverable using current technology. Objectives included studying microwave process conditions that affect the upgrading of heavy oil/bitumen to synthetic crude, achieve up to 50% desulphurization and obtain preliminary data on process design and economics.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Typical experiments including mixing of oil with one or more additives, and exposing to various dosages of low pressure microwave radiation. The microwave reactor was constructed from a domestic microwave oven and modified to allow for the accommodation of a mixer, temperature monitor and pressure in the reactor and interfaced with a desktop computer for data acquisition. Power level and irradiation intensity were at level high.
Findings: Results obtained with GC-MS showed evidence of fragmentation process in heavy oil/bitumen samples but, no significant change in molecular structure for majority of the light crude oil samples aft er being subjected to microwave irradiation. Average reduction in sulfur content of 16% and 39.4% were obtained for heavy oil and light oil, respectively.
Conclusion & Significance: This work has shown strong indications for the employment of microwave technology not only for hydrocarbon extractions but for in situ upgrading and field upgrading of heavy oil/bitumen desulphurization of crude oil, and future upgrading of coal and oil shale. Overall, microwave technology presents the best alternative, economically and environmentally, to existing technologies for enhanced oil recovery operations and processing.